![]() ![]() Period describes the reciprocal of pulses in one second.uty cycle describes the proportion of “on” time to the regular interval or period of time.Here is an introduction to the three basic parameters of PWM: However, the actual voltage output is only 3.75V through PWM because the high level only takes up 75% of the total voltage within a period. We can see from the top oscillogram that the amplitude of the DC voltage output is 5V. ![]() (See the PWM description on the official website of Arduino). If you repeat this on-off pattern fast enough with an LED for example, the result is as if the signal is a steady voltage between 0 and 5V controlling the brightness of the LED. To get varying analog values, you change, or modulate, that pulse width. The duration of “on time” is called the pulse width. This on-off pattern can simulate voltages in between full on (5 Volts) and off (0 Volts) by changing the portion of the time the signal spends on versus the time that the signal spends off. Digital control is used to create a square wave, a signal switched between on and off. Pulse Width Modulation, or PWM, is a technique for getting analog results with digital means.
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